Bush, made a speech targeting Iraqis via Voice of America radio. On February 15, 1991, then President of the United States, George H. The Gulf War Coalition established Iraqi no-fly zones over northern and southern Iraq, and the Kurdish opposition established the Kurdish Autonomous Republic in Iraqi Kurdistan.įurther information: Ba'athist Iraq and Gulf War
After the conflict, the Iraqi government intensified a prior systematic forced relocation of Marsh Arabs and the draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes in the Tigris–Euphrates river system. Saddam's Sunni Arab-dominated Ba'ath Party regime managed to maintain control over the capital of Baghdad and soon largely suppressed the rebels in a brutal campaign conducted by loyalist forces spearheaded by the Iraqi Republican Guard.ĭuring the brief, roughly one-month period of unrest, tens of thousands of people died and nearly two million people were displaced.
Following initial victories, the revolution was held back from continued success by internal divisions as well as a lack of anticipated American and/or Iranian support. Participants of the uprising were a diverse mix of ethnic, religious and political affiliations, including military mutineers, Shia Arab Islamists, Kurdish nationalists, and far-left groups. Within the first two weeks, most of Iraq's cities and provinces fell to rebel forces. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War, both of which occurred within a single decade and devastated the population and economy of Iraq. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency was fueled by the perception that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had become vulnerable to regime change. The uprisings lasted from March to April 1991 after a ceasefire following the end of the Gulf War. The 1991 Iraqi uprisings were ethnic and religious uprisings in Iraq led by Shi'ites and Kurds against Saddam Hussein. Accelerated destruction of the Tigris-Euphrates marshes by Iraqi governmentĮstablishment of the Kurdish Autonomous Republic, as well as the Iraqi no-fly zonesĮst.Continued conflict in parts of the north until October 1991 and continued conflict in the rural south until 1994.
Mass reprisals against the population and the exodus of 1.8 million refugees from the country.
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